1. Did anything change in Spanish medieval society or economy?

2 El feudalismo se extendió por influencia franca. ¿Cómo, por qué y dónde en especial se desarrolló más?

3. Which types of feudal dominions appeared?

SOCIEDAD
5. ¿Qué privilegios disfrutaban los dos estamentos privilegiados? ¿Quién no los disfrutaba?

6. How did the high nobility secure its power and revenue at the end of the Reconquest? And what kept the Church immensely rich after that process, apart from land donations?

7. ¿Por qué eran heterogéneos los dos grupos no privilegiados en los dos principales reinos?

8. Then we have two segregated minorities, jews and muslims (mudéjares). Why were only jews persecuted?

9. ¿Cuándo empìeza a cambiar la estructura económica?

10. Compare briefly the situation in Castile and Aragon.
.
D. LA CRISIS BAJOMEDIEVAL.
Crisis demográfica y agrícola
11. ¿Qué hizo que la Peste Negra tuviera consecuencias tan apocalípticas?(CONCEPT P. 62 UP,IMAGE 62 DWN)

12. Did it affect all of the Spanish kingdoms equally?

13. La ruina económica se extendió como en una pesadilla, ¿cómo?
Revueltas sociales:
14. We have explained how peasants were affected. How did they respond to it? Name examples.

15. ¿A quiénes se culpó por la mala situación? ¿Qué les pasó en las ciudades?
Crisis política en Castilla
16. What was the consequence of the king´s fight against the privileged in Castile?

17. ¿Continuó la lucha? SEE CHART P. 64 UP.

18. Did they take other measures directed to the strengthening of royal power?

19. ¿Cómo resultó todo?
Crisis política en Aragón:
20. How was that the Trastamaras also got to occupy the throne in Aragon? SEE CHART P. 65 UP.

21.¿Cómo se las arregló la nueva dinastía para llegar a una guerra civil en 1462?

22. This war was complex (CHART P. 64 UP). Explain it politically, socially and in the urban context of Barcelona.

23. ¿Cómo acabó?

E.LA CRISIS BAJOMEDIEVAL: NAVARRA. CONSECUENCIAS DE LA CRISIS. ESPAÑA, CRISOL DE CULTURAS.
La crisis bajomedieval: Navarra.
24. Which two factors explain the specificity of the kingdom of Navarre in the Late Middle Ages?

25. ¿Cómo se manifestaron las tensiones sociales típicas del XV en Navarra?
Consecuencias de la crisis:
26. Compare the consequences of the late medieval crisis in Castile and Aragon.
España, crisol de culturas.
27. Which institution and city has come to personify the diverse spanish medieval culture?

28. ¿Cómo se desarrollaron las lenguas romance en tierras cristianas?

29. How did church predominance in teaching end?

UNITS 3 AND 6 (2º EXAMEN). 1ºst session

CONTENTS: UNIT 3 PAGES 44-48.
1. England was pioneer in defying absolutism, and also in another thing. Which is it?
Demographic revolution
2. Population grew faster in England. What was the general increase in Europe between 1750 and 1850? SEE CHARTS P. 46.

3. Which were the factors for this growth?

4. In Geography we call this the Demographic Transition. Can you explain it?

Agrarian revolution
5. Why were land owners interested in growing more crops?

6. How was this achieved?

7. Granting full privaty property to landowners let them modernise their farms and at the same time ended two important traditions. Which?

8. Which were the three technical innovations?

9. What is the real advantage derived from the Norfolk system?

10. Name specific examples of the practical advantages of mechanization. SEE IMGS P. 47

11. Machines substituted craftsmen. This increased productivity or yield. What was its economic effect?

12. How were machines firstly powered?

13. What came to be the symbol of the Industrial Revolution?

14. All of this brought a new kind of work organization. Explain it.

Answers sessions 7th and 8th: from the Empire to 1830

Sorry for the delay.
7º sesión: EL IMPERIO NAPOLEÓNICO. RESTAURACIÓN, LIBERALISMO Y NACIONALISMO: LA EUROPA DE LA RESTAURACIÓN.
CONTENTS: PAGES 34 TO 36
1. Which were Napoleon´s two main goals as Consul? Name one example.
Consolidate the revolution without radicalism. The Concordat or the return of emigrés.
2. Name three more ways through which he modernised administration.
Civil Code (Code Napoleon: TEXT 34), Centralization (prefects), Fiscal and educational reform.
3. Where did all Napoleon´s victories put him in 1804?
He crowned himself emperor of the French. IMAGE 34 UP. He controlled almost all of Europe, but for England. SEE MAP 34.
4. What were the two political consequences of such military might outside France?
He named kings among his relatives and imposed revolutionary reforms all over. SEE CARICATURE 35.
5. How was it that all napoleonic reforms led to the spread of Nationalist sentiments among the peoples he subjugated? Name examples.
His armies acted like conquerors and imposed France´s National interest. Those liberty ideals he imposed made his enemies, the patriots, stronger. CHART 35
The spanish war of Independence 1818-1814. SEE CARICATURE 35 DOWN.
6. What was the political consequence of Napoleon´s definitive defeat in the field of Waterloo (1815)?
The return to the Old Regime and Absolutism (Metternich, the austrian chancellor convened the Congress of Vienna).
7. What happened then to that Patriotism or Nationalism that had contributed to the emperor´s downfall?
It was ignored and the four Powers (Prussia, Russia, the UK and Austria, plus France), saw to their national interest (IMAGE 36 UP).
8. How was then consolidated this state of affairs of the so called Restoration?
The creation of a military aliance, the Grand or Holy Alliance. Liberalism and Nationalism were harshly repressed and revolutionarily opposed this system.
8º sesión: RESTAURACIÓN...: EL LIBERALISMO, EL NACIONALISMO. LAS REVOLUCIONES LIBERALES Y NACIONALES: 1820 Y 30.
CONTENTS: PAGES 37 AND 38.
1. After making sure you understand what liberalism, as opossed to absolutism is, try to relate these concepts: Individual citizen, State, Nation, Liberties and Rights, Sovereignty.
Society rests upon the individual citizen, whose rights and liberties are to be granted by the State. Power, that is, Sovereignty rests upon all the citizens, who form the Nation. SEE CHART P. 37 UP. Its very useful.
2. Why is Liberalism politically representative?
Citizens elect a Legislature (Parliament), which rules.
3. Differ absolutist power from liberalism.
Power is divided in Liberalism, and ceases to be absolute or God Ordained.
4. How is economic liberty granted?
The State must not be involved in Economy. It will only guarantee the right to private property. Economy is to be ruled by the Market (Supply, Demand)
5. What two things are necessary to constitute a Nation?
Cultural bonds among people and their will to live togeteher under the same rule. SEE TEXT 37.
6. Nationalism is an idea. What does a Nationalist want?
Sovereignty and the right to decide for one people, one nation (the so called self determination). Each nation must have its state.
7. Nationalists fought the Restoration. Why? Name examples.
They were against absolutism and multinational empires. Independentism in the turkish Ottoman empire, the Austrian Hungarian Habsburg monarchy and the struggle for political unification among italians and germans.
1820:
8. How did Liberals ultimately destroy the Restoration?
With three european burgher or liberal revolutions in: 1820, 30 and 48.
9. Speaking of 1820, who were the main responsibles, and where did liberalism and nationalism achieve their first victories against the Holy Alliance?
The Military. Greece, against the Ottomans (TEXT 3) and the new latinamerican republics, against Spain.
10. The 1830 revolution was much more important. What was the outcome where it pevailed? Name examples.
Constitutional government ruled by the Bourgeoisie (France IMG 38, Belgium, Spain), or extension of suffrage (Great Britain).
11. Did Nationalism play a role in 1830?
Yes. Belgium was independent fomNetherlands and Poland revolted against russian tsarist rule, to no avail.

9º and last session: EUROPE FROM 1848

CONTENTS: PAGES 39 TO 41.
1. 1848 is remembered as Spring of Nations, Springtime of the Peoples or the Year of Revolution (IMG 39DWN, MAP 39, Image 24 dwn). Which two historical phenomena appeared then?

2. SEE MAP 39 and distinguish between what happened in France and other places.

3. Though revolution was supressed in the majority of the cases, who was its most conspicuous victim?

4. Name three common features in the unification processes in Italy and Germany.

5. Name the three italian leaders relevant to the Unification process.

6. SEE MAP 40 and tell me which were the main two obstacles to italian unification?

7. Which political obstacle stood in the way for german unification?

8. What was the political consequence of the year 1848 in the issue of Unification?

9. Contrary to the italian case, there was only one relevant leader in this process, who?

10. Just like in Italy, what was to be the strategy the most developed territory devised to achieve unification? SEE TEXT 41 UP.

11. Which were the new nation states in Europe around 1870?

12. Which were the two dangers that crept within the seemingly pacified Europe of the last quarter of the XIXth century?

6º SESSION: REVOLUTION!!! (2)

1. How did the king manage to provoke jacobins into proclaiming the republic?
He was the austrian emperor´s brother in law, and he was caught escaping there (the Varennes flight: IMG 29 DWN). Austria invaded France and this enraged the sans culottes, who imprisoned the royal family and put an end to the monarchy.

2. Who were the first to prevail in the new Republic? How did they manage to unite almost all european monarchies against them?
Moderate girondins. They brought the king to trial and had him guillotined (IMG 30 UP).

3. The Assembly was called now National Convention. What interior difficulties had to face? With what political consequence?
Antirevolutionary revolts (La Vendée). A jacobin takeover (Robespierre and the National Salvation Committee).

4. Name the three measures jacobins took just after they had seized power.
Girondin leaders brought to trial. New fully democratic and egalitarian constitution (1793: TEXT 30 CTER). New army levy en masse (new citizen army, not just mercenary).

5. Jacobins had to please Sans Culottes, their urban supporters (IMG 30 DOWN). This led them to very radical measures. Name some.
Terror and guillotine for anyone who opposed them. Price control. Compulsory education. Devising the cult of Reason.

6. Which two factors do you think had an influence on Robespierre´s and the jacobines´s downfall?
The end of internal turmoil and the military victories abroad. Also, their dictatorship and the terror they imposed. (IMG 31 UP).

7. Socially, what was the meaning of the Directory and the constitution of 1795?
Rich and conservative burghers did control the state again, as in the constitutional monarchy.

8. And what did it mean politically? Name examples.
Less democracy. Limited suffrage. Bicameral legislature.

9. How did the Directory end? Why?With Napoleon´s coup d´etat. Because the army was seen as the only institution able to restore order and prosperity (inflation was very high), and Napoleon was the most popular general (TEXT 31 DWN).

10. Women finally attained some rights with the French Revolution. Name examples.
Civil marriage, divorce. They even influenced politicians (M. ROLAND, P. 32), or issue political documents like the Declaration of Rights of Woman (OLIMPIA DE GOUGES, IMG AND TEXT P. 32).

11. Women could be processed and executed (IMG 33), and even took part in revolts (IMG 33), what was the main thing the Revolution did not grant them?
Political participation, on the supposed grounds that they lacked seriousness (TEXTS 33).

7º SESSION: EMPIRE AND RESTORATION

CONTENTS: PAGES 34 TO 36
1. Which were Napoleon´s two main goals as Consul? Name one example.

2. Name three more ways through which he modernised administration.

3. Where did all Napoleon´s victories put him in 1804?

4. What were the two political consequences of such military might outside France?

5. How was it that all napoleonic reforms led to the spread of Nationalist sentiments among the peoples he subjugated? Name examples.

6. What was the political consequence of Napoleon´s definitive defeat in the field of Waterloo (1815)?

7. What happened then to that Patriotism or Nationalism that had contributed to the emperor´s downfall?

8. How was then consolidated this state of affairs of the so called Restoration?

5º SESSION. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEGINNING UNIT 2. ¡¡REVOLUTION!!

1. Name the three factors that can be considered key to the French Revolution.
Poor harvests led to increases in food prizes. Burghers were politically excluded and claimed for the end of privilege. The monarchy´s finances deficit required tax reforms which were impossible in the Old Regime. SEE IMG 26 UP.

2. Surprisingly enough, who did really start the Revolution?
The privileged nobility, who did not want any tax reform, and forced the king into convening the States General, an Old Regime class assembly.

3. Which were the main sources of dissent in the States General?
The Third State (the unprivileged Burghers and Pesants), wanted one vote for each person, not each class. Nobles and the clergy wanted the contrary for obvious reasons. IMGE 26 CTER AND CHART DWN.

4. How did it all end?
The Third State and some sympathetic priests and nobles segregated and constituted the National Assembly, as legal and sovereign representatives of the Nation (remember Enlightment). It was the so called Tennis court Oath (IMG 27).

5. Outside the Assembly, this brought two very important consequences (one of them is today Francés national day)?
In Paris, citizens stormed and took the Bastille (14th July), the royal prison. In the countryside, peasants revolted against nobles (the so called The Great Fear or Grande Peur).

6. This radicalization gave wings to the Assembly. What course did it take?
According to Enlightened ideas, it proclaimed itself the Assembly constituent and ended the Old Regime by law: abolished Feudalism (TEXT P. 27) and issued the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Text 43 (LEARNING TO COMMENT TEXTS).

7. Which were the main obstacles for the Revolution´s demolition of the Old Regime?
King Louis XVI and the privileged.

8. Which of the three revolutionary periods was the most radical? And the least?
The Democratic republic (1792-94). The Constitutional monarchy (1789-92).

9. Enlightened ideas can also be called Liberal. How was liberalism finally introduced in France? Name examples
With the 1791 constitution (IMG 28 DOWN), the Assembly became National: Suffrage, Torture was declared ilegal, and also Guilds. The nobility was to pay taxes. Land held by the Church in mortmain was confiscated to assuage deficit, and the Clergy was submitted to the state (Civil constitution).

10. This constitution was not fully democratic. Why?
The king could veto laws and suffrage was not equal, but censitary, thus leaving state affairs to rich burghers.

11. There was more cause for popular resentment. Why?
Inflation impoverished the lower classes.

12. Politically, which were the differences inside this revolutionary opposition?
Initiated in political clubs (TEXT 29), Girondins were moderates. Jacobins and Cordeliers were extremists and even had armed support (parisian sans culottes). SEE CHART P. 29.

4º session: Absolutism in Spain. Questions and answers.

1. Why was Charles II´s succession such a political problem?
He had appointed a french prince as heir, and the erst of Europe feared this could threaten the Balance of Power.

2. Why didn´t all Spanish territories support Philip V, who was the lawful heir?
Because in Aragon his centralism was feared, and they preferred sticking to the decentralized system of the Habsburg dinasty.

3. What was the punctual fact that determined the end of the war?
Charles inherited the imperial crown.

4. The treaty of Utrecht meant the loss of territories, state those permanent and those non permanent.
Permanent: Milan, Naples, Flanders and Sardinia, Gibraltar. Non permanent: Menorca.

5. According to the French model, what became the ultimate source of power? How do we call that kind of monarchy? WATCH IMAGES P. 19.
TÚ.

6. Compare the American government to that of the victorious first Spanish Bourbon. Why did Philip V issue the Nueva Planta Decrees? READ TEXT P. 18
Decentralized federalism against Centralism. TÚ.

7. Who were in Spain equivalents to the Enlightened men of knowledge? Name three common goals they all shared.
Floridablanca, Campomanes, Olavide, Ensenada, Aranda. Also Jovellanos.
ELLOS.

8. Remember what was Enlightened Despotism. Who is its symbol in Spain? WATCH IMAGE P. 20 AND TEXTS P. 20.
TÚ.

9. Why did all this project ultimately fail? With what consequences?
Lack of burgher ranks, conservatist intellectuals and the catholic Church. They collaborated with Absolutism (Charles III), renouncing deeper reform. This failed too (The Esquilache revolt). TEXT P. 20 DOWN.

10. Name two factors of Spain´s economic underdevelopment in the XVIII century. By which two ways was this situation slightly changed?
The privileged class held the majority of the land. No technical improvement. Population grew and thanks to Charles III´s reform agricultral output was stimulated.

11. Which two measures did the king take to improve trade and industry?
He let every one of the spanish kingdoms do trade with american colonies. He established royal manufactures and protected those private. SEE IMAGE P. 21 DOWN.

12. What was the unsolved and gravest problem?
The peasantry´s short demand. Enlightened intelectuals claimed for an agrarian reform to ensure the peasants access to land property and thus more income. SEE TEXTS AND IMAGE P. 21 UP.

3º SESSION: THE USA. ABSOLUTISM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Where was Absolutism firstly challenged?
In England, as early as the beginning of the XIII century with the Magna Charta. Then, in the XVIIth century, a revolution and a war ended absolutism.

2. In England, which institution confronted the Kings?
Parliament, the seat of many burghers.

3. Name two examples showing that Parliament finally triumphed. Since then, England became the first Parliamentary monarchy. SEE IMAGES IN P. 14. SEE IMG P. 4 UP AND DOWN.
The Habeas Corpus Act which prevented the king from ordering ilegal detentions. The Bill of Rights, which definitely ended absolutism.

4. How did Enlightment influence Absolutism?
Some absolute kings ackknowledged the importance of the new ideas. Their moto was “Everything for the people, but without the people”

5. Name examples of these Enlightened Despots and state why did they fail in the end. READ TEXT IN P. 15.
Tsarina Catherine II of Russia, Frederick II of Prussia, emperor Joseph II, Charles III of Spain. They failed because they wanted to change economy and further educate people, without changing the unfair nature of privilege in the states society. All that led to revolution.

6. Enlightened influence in North America brought about two historical innovations. Which?
The first republic and Federalism.

7. There were two complaints and a political consequence. Who did complain, against whom, how did it all start and what came out of it. WATCH IMAGE IN P. 16, MAP AND TEXT IN P. 17. WATCH IMG 4 CENTER.
Colonists resented England´s monopoly of trade and having to pay taxes when they were not heard in the Parliament.

8. Why is the constitution of the USA historically significant?
It was the first written constitution in History.

9. Name an example of the influence of Enlightment.
Division of Powers (Montesquieu), monarchy is substituted for republic, a more democratic system (Rousseau). Declaration of Rights. Religious tolerance (Voltaire).

10. How did all this influence Europe. WATCH GRAPHIC IN P. 17
All these winds of freedom reinforced opposition to Absolutism.

11. Government in the USA was designed to be decentralized. There are two types of decentralization, we call them federal and confederal. Having read the book, can you guess the difference?
Federalism implies a stronger central government and control.

12. Which sort of decentralization do you think was designed for our spanish democratic state?
Open answer. It is more similar to federalism though it is the will of certain regional political groups to draw it closer to condederalism, reducing central control over important issues such as employment policies, etc…

HISTORY 2nd SESSION. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Name a difference between this non igualitarian society and ours. What is now and what was then the key to be considered a part of the high class or not?
There were those who paid taxes and those who did not. Then it was birth, now it is wealth.

2. Which were the two privileged classes? What did their two sources of income have in common? Which of them was less homogeneous and why? SEE THE EXAMPLE ON P. 11
Nobles and the Church. Land Holding. The Church, there was the rich high clergy and then the ranks of the lower clergy.

3. Name three features of the so called Third State. Why was it heterogeneous? Which of its components was likely to have a brighter future? Remember them, because they ended up the Old Regime. WATCH IMAGE P. 12.
They paid taxes, they took to business and craftsmanship. Some among them, the urban bourgeoisie (Burghers), were richer. They were politically conscious and in the end started the revolution.

4.For the Enlightment, what human feature came to substitute God and became a synonym of Lights? How was happiness to be achieved? Which should be for them the most valued human quality?
Reason. Through education. Intelligence.

5. All this had two precedents. Who and why?
John Locke, who developed the theory of Parliamentary Monarchy in England, and Newton, who did his own revolution in Physics, with his Gravitational Theory.

6. Why can we say that French enlightened thinkers criticized the structures of the Old Regime? SEE IMAGE P. 12. SEE IMAGE P. 5.
They abhorred absolutism and the influence of the Church among people, which they considered the root for illiteracy.

7. Name two differences between Mercantilism, the economics of the Old Regime, and Phisiocracy.
Mercantilistst emphasized the posession of precious metals through trade, whereas Phisiocracy saw agriculture as the base of any country´s prosperity.

8. According to your book, name the 4 factors of the enlightened political critic of the Old Regime? SEE GRAPHIC AND TEXT P. 13, AND IMAGE IN P. 15 Understand this well, it is the base for our democracy.
Division of power vs. Absolutism. Reason vs. Authority. Tollerance vs. Religion. Social Mobility through merit, not birth.

9. Why can we consider Diderot´s and D´Alembert´s Encyclopedia an enlightened masterwork? Which other two ways contributed to the spreading of these new ideas?
Its goal was to join all human knowledge, which was to be the road to progress. Academies and Salons (french word).

4º ESO HISTORY 1st SESSION. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Name two reasons why in spite of being the most important economic activity, XVIII century agriculture remained stagnant. WATCH IMAGE UP P. 6.
It wasn´t productive enough to be market oriented. Every now and then, Hunger knocked on the peasant´s door.

2. Why was the structure of property such an example of inequality and injustice? There are two reasons.
Nobles and the Church held the majority of the land, and taxes were paid by peasants alone.

3. Why didn´t all of the people have political rights in this period? We call ourselves citizens. This people were the King´s subjects. WATCH IMAGE, READ TEXT IN P. 6.
Because the king´s power was absolute and god ordained.

5. Name two factors for the growth of population in the XVIII century. What was the ultimate consequence of this? SEE DATA P. 7.
Absence of pandemic diseases and great wars. Output grew.

6. Growth output led to Trade expansion. Which kind of trade became the most important and where essentially? MAP P. 8
Colonies imported manufactures and exported raw materials.

7. What was the terribly unfair nature of this Trade and which European countries led it? MAP P. 8
Manufactues are more expensive than raw materials. Colonies started a long process of impoverishment. Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain and Portugal.

8. Why do historians speak of triangular trade and which of its aspects can we call the darkest and most hateful? Can you guess one or two demographic consequences for the American continent? IMAGE P.8
Africa supplied slaves to produce raw materials in the american colonies, with which european manufactures were bought, sometimes to import luxuries from Asia.
Africa lost the majority of its healthy young people to slave trade. Its descendants are american afroamericans, now almost 20% of the population in the USA.

9. Watching all the images in p.9, give me two reasons in favor and two against slave trade.
Slaves lived far off better in America than in their ancestral homeland. There are many obvious reasons to be against it.

Any questions, comment this blog´s entry or email me (argantonios@hotmail.com)

2º CLASE DE HISTORIA 4º ESO BILINGÜE

Meteré las respuestas de la 1º sesión cuando 4ºBCD dé la clase.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: READ PAGES 10 TO 13, BOTH INCLUDED. IT WOULD BE WISE TO TRY TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS (IN ENGLISH WHEN POSSIBLE).
THE ESTATES SOCIETY AND ENLIGHTMENT.
1. Name a difference between this non igualitarian society and ours. What is now and what was then the key to be considered a part of the high class or not?
2. Which were the two privileged classes? What did their two sources of income have in common? Which of them was less homogeneous and why? SEE THE EXAMPLE ON P. 11
3. Name three features of the so called Third State. Why was it heterogeneous? Which of its components was likely to have a brighter future? Remember them, because they ended up the Old Regime. WATCH IMAGE P. 12.
4.For the Enlightment, what human feature came to substitute God and became a synonym of Lights? How was happiness to be achieved? Which should be for them the most valued human quality?
5. All this had two precedents. Who and why?
6. Why can we say that French enlightened thinkers criticized the structures of the Old Regime? SEE IMAGE P. 12. SEE IMAGE P. 5.
7. Name two differences between Mercantilism, the economics of the Old Regime, and Phisiocracy.
8. According to your book, name the 4 factors of the enlightened political critic of the Old Regime? SEE GRAPHIC AND TEXT P. 13, AND IMAGE IN P. 15 Understand this well, it is the base for our democracy.
9. Why can we consider Diderot´s and D´Alembert´s Encyclopedia an enlightened masterwork? Which other two ways contributed to the spreading of these new ideas?

PRIMERA CLASE DE HISTORIA DE 4º SANTOMERA 201011 MARTES 21/IX PARA 4ºA y MIÉRCOLES 22 PARA 4ºBCD

TEMA 1. EL SIGLO XVIII: CRISIS DEL ANTIGUO RÉGIMEN:
1º SESSION: EUROPE DURING THE 18th CENTURY. COLONIAL TRADE AND SLAVES. (PAGES 4 to 9) .
1. Name two reasons why in spite of being the most important economic activity, XVIII century agriculture remained stagnant. WATCH IMAGE UP P. 6.
2. Why was the structure of property such an example of inequality and injustice? There are two reasons.
3. Why didn´t people have political rights in this period? We call ourselves citizens. This people were the King´s subjects. WATCH IMAGE, READ TEXT IN P. 6.
5. Name two factors for the growth of population in the XVIII century. What was the ultimate consequence of this? SEE DATA P. 7.
6. Growth output led to Trade expansion. Which kind of trade became the most important and where essentially? MAP P. 8
7. What was the terribly unfair nature of this Trade and which European countries led it? MAP P. 8
8. Why do historians speak of triangular trade and which of its aspects can we call the darkest and most hateful? Can you guess one or two demographic consequences for the American continent? IMAGE P.8
9. Watching all the images in p.9, give me two reasons in favor and two against slave trade.

Any problems, I expect your emails (argantonios@hotmail.com) or comments here in my blog.

PARA 3º A (TEMAS 10 Y 11)

Tema 10. Actividades del tema: 1,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,19,20,21
Tema 10. Actividades del final: 4,6,910,14
Tema 10. Trabajo (con exposición en clase): Ejercicio 13 del final. 1 punto.
Tema 11: Actividades del tema: 15,16,17,18,19,21
Tema 11: Actividades del final: 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11 y 12.
Tema 11. Trabajo por un punto: página 250.

Podéis hacer un máximo de 15 entre estos, por 1,5 (lo demás trabajos).

Cualquier duda, me escribís o dejáis un comentario.

Artículo sobre la Reforma Educativa

Ojo, que a vosotr@s os pillará:
http://www.estrelladigital.es/ED/diario/307722.asp