6º SESSION: REVOLUTION!!! (2)

1. How did the king manage to provoke jacobins into proclaiming the republic?
He was the austrian emperor´s brother in law, and he was caught escaping there (the Varennes flight: IMG 29 DWN). Austria invaded France and this enraged the sans culottes, who imprisoned the royal family and put an end to the monarchy.

2. Who were the first to prevail in the new Republic? How did they manage to unite almost all european monarchies against them?
Moderate girondins. They brought the king to trial and had him guillotined (IMG 30 UP).

3. The Assembly was called now National Convention. What interior difficulties had to face? With what political consequence?
Antirevolutionary revolts (La Vendée). A jacobin takeover (Robespierre and the National Salvation Committee).

4. Name the three measures jacobins took just after they had seized power.
Girondin leaders brought to trial. New fully democratic and egalitarian constitution (1793: TEXT 30 CTER). New army levy en masse (new citizen army, not just mercenary).

5. Jacobins had to please Sans Culottes, their urban supporters (IMG 30 DOWN). This led them to very radical measures. Name some.
Terror and guillotine for anyone who opposed them. Price control. Compulsory education. Devising the cult of Reason.

6. Which two factors do you think had an influence on Robespierre´s and the jacobines´s downfall?
The end of internal turmoil and the military victories abroad. Also, their dictatorship and the terror they imposed. (IMG 31 UP).

7. Socially, what was the meaning of the Directory and the constitution of 1795?
Rich and conservative burghers did control the state again, as in the constitutional monarchy.

8. And what did it mean politically? Name examples.
Less democracy. Limited suffrage. Bicameral legislature.

9. How did the Directory end? Why?With Napoleon´s coup d´etat. Because the army was seen as the only institution able to restore order and prosperity (inflation was very high), and Napoleon was the most popular general (TEXT 31 DWN).

10. Women finally attained some rights with the French Revolution. Name examples.
Civil marriage, divorce. They even influenced politicians (M. ROLAND, P. 32), or issue political documents like the Declaration of Rights of Woman (OLIMPIA DE GOUGES, IMG AND TEXT P. 32).

11. Women could be processed and executed (IMG 33), and even took part in revolts (IMG 33), what was the main thing the Revolution did not grant them?
Political participation, on the supposed grounds that they lacked seriousness (TEXTS 33).